Mention what are the different application integration styles?

Application integration styles are various methods used to enable different software applications to work together and exchange information. Here are the primary integration styles:

1. File Transfer

In this style, applications exchange data by reading and writing files to a shared location. This method is straightforward but can be slow and prone to errors due to file format and timing issues.

2. Shared Database

Multiple applications access and manipulate data in a common database. This approach ensures data consistency but can lead to performance bottlenecks and complex dependency management.

3. Remote Procedure Invocation (RPC)

Applications expose certain functionalities through well-defined interfaces, allowing other applications to invoke these functions remotely. Technologies like CORBA, SOAP, and RESTful services are commonly used for RPC.

4. Messaging

Applications communicate by sending messages to a common messaging system or bus. This style supports asynchronous communication and decouples applications, making it easier to scale and maintain. Examples include message-oriented middleware (MoM) and enterprise service buses (ESB).

5. Data Integration Patterns

These include various methods like migration, broadcast, and bi-directional synchronization to ensure data consistency across different systems. These patterns help in scenarios where data needs to be moved, synchronized, or shared between systems.

6. Hub-and-Spoke and Bus Architectures

• Hub-and-Spoke: A central hub manages all interactions between applications, simplifying integration but introducing a single point of failure.
• Bus Architecture: A distributed approach where a central messaging bus facilitates communication, improvin...