Here are some efficient ways to implement a Stack and Queue together in a programming language:
Using a Single Array
One simple approach is to use a single array to implement both the Stack and Queue. The array can be used as a circular buffer, with two pointers tracking the front and rear of the queue. The stack can be implemented by pushing and popping elements from the rear of the array.
Pros:
Simple to implement
Uses a single data structure
Cons:
Limited size unless using a dynamic array
Inefficient if the queue and stack are used heavily, as elements may need to be shifted around
Using Two Stacks
Another approach is to use two stacks to implement the queue. When enqueuing, push the element onto the first stack. When dequeuing, if the second stack is empty, pop all elements from the first stack and push them onto the second stack. Then pop from the second stack.
