Tell me the difference between HEAD, working tree and index, in Git?

In Git, there are three main components that represent the state of your repository: HEAD, working tree, and index (also known as the staging area). Here are the key differences between them:

1. HEAD: This is a reference to the current branch or the last commit on the current branch. It represents the snapshot of your project at the last commit. HEAD is where Git will create the next commit[1][2].

2. Working Tree: This is the directory where your project files reside. It's the sandbox where you can make changes to the files before staging and committing them. The working tree may contain files that are tracked by Git (managed by version control) and untracked files (not under version control)[1][2].

3. Index (Staging Area): The index is an intermediate area where you stage changes before committing them to the repository. When you run git add, it adds the changes from the working tree to the index. The index represents the proposed next commit snapshot[1][2].

The relationship between the...