What are the core components of a HTTP Request?

The core components of an HTTP request are essential elements that define the structure and functionality of the request sent from a client to a server. These components include:

1. Request Line:

   • HTTP Method: Specifies the action to be performed. Common methods include GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH, and OPTIONS.
   • Request Target: The URL or the path of the resource being requested.
   • HTTP Version: Indicates the version of the HTTP protocol being used, such as HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2.

   Example:

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   GET /index.html HTTP/1.1

2. Headers:

   • Headers provide additional information about the request. They are key-value pairs separated by a colon and are case-insensitive. Common headers include Host, User-Agent, Accept, Content-Type, and Authorization.
   • Headers can be categorized into general headers, request headers, response headers, and entity headers.

   Example:

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   Host: www.example.com
   User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0
   Accept: text/html

3. Blank Line:

   • A blank line separates the headers from the body. It indicates the end of the header section.

4. Body (Optional):

   • The body contains the data being sent to the server. It is used with methods like POST, PUT, and PATCH. The body can be in various formats such as JSON, XML, form data, or binary data.
   • The presence and format of the body are often indicated by headers like Content-Type and Content-Length.

   Example:

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   {
     "username": "example",
     "password": "password123"
   }

Example of a Complete HTTP Request

POST /login HTTP/1.1
Host: www.example.com
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 48

{
  "username": "example...