What does SOLID stand for? What are its principles?

SOLID is an acronym used in software development that stands for five key principles of object-oriented design and programming. These principles aim to make software designs more understandable, flexible, maintainable, and scalable. Here's a breakdown of each principle represented by the acronym SOLID:

1. Single Responsibility Principle (SRP): This principle states that a class should have only one reason to change, meaning it should have a single responsibility. It emphasizes that a class should handle only one part of the functionality provided by the software, and thus it should only have one reason to be changed[1][2][3][4][5][7].

2. Open/Closed Principle (OCP): According to this principle, software entities (classes, modules, functions, etc.) should be open for extension but closed for modification. This means that the behavior of a module can be extended without modifying its source code[1][2][3][4][5][7].

3. Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP): This principle was introduced by Barbara Liskov in 1987 and states that objects of a superclass shall be replaceable with objects of its subclasses without affecting the functioning of the program from a client’s point of view. Essentially, it means that the subclasses should adhere strictly to the behavior expected by the clients using the base class[1][2][3][4][5][7].

4. Interface Segregation Principle (ISP): The ISP dictates that no client should be forced to depend on methods it does not use. It promotes the segregation of large interfaces into smaller and...