What is the difference between Exception and Error in Java?

In Java, both Exceptions and Errors are subclasses of the java.lang.Throwable class, which means they can be thrown and caught in similar ways, but they are used for different purposes and have different implications for program design and behavior[1][2][3][4][5][6].

Errors

Errors are serious problems that you should not try to handle in your program. They are used by the Java runtime system to indicate serious problems that are not intended to be caught by applications. Errors are typically caused by resource deficiencies or system failures that a program cannot anticipate or recover from. For example, OutOfMemoryError occurs when the JVM runs out of memory, and StackOverflowError occurs when a program recurses too deeply[1][4].

Here are some key characteristics of Errors:

• Indicate serious problems that a reasonable application should not try to catch.
• Often related to the environment in which the application is running.
• Not meant to be caught or handled by the application.
• Usually occur at runtime and are unchecked, meaning the compiler does not check to ensure they are handled or declared in a method's throws clause[1][4][6].

Exceptions

Exceptions are conditions that a program might want to catch. They indicate conditions that a reasonable application might want to try to catch and are often caused by the program itself, rather than the runtime environment. Exceptions can be either checked or unchecked. Checked exceptions are subject to the Catch or Specify Requirement and must be caught with a try-catch block or declared to be thrown in the method's throws clause. Unchecked exceptions are not subject to the Catch or Specify Requirement and do not need to be explicitly handled or declared[1][2][3][4][5].

Examples of exceptions include:

• NullPointerException, which occur...