In Python, converting a string to a number is a common operation that can be achieved using built-in functions, primarily int() for integers and float() for floating-point numbers. Here's a detailed explanation of how these conversions are handled:
Converting String to Integer
To convert a string that represents an integer value, you can use the int() function. This function takes the string as input and returns its integer representation.
Syntax:
int(string)
Example:
s = "123"
number = int(s)
print(number) # Output: 123
If the string does not represent a valid integer (e.g., contains non-numeric characters or is a floating-point number), a ValueError will be raised[4][5][6].
Converting String to Floating-Point Number
For strings that represent floating-point numbers, the float() function is used. This function converts the string into a floating-point number.
Syntax:
float(string)
Example:
s = "123.456"
number = float(s)
print(number) # Output: 123.456
Like with int(), if the string does not represent a valid floating-point number, a ValueError will be thrown[4][5][6].
Handling Errors
When converting strings to numbers, it's common to handle potential ValueError exceptions using a try-except block, especially when the input is not guaranteed to be numeric.
Example:
s = "abc"
try:
number = int(s)
except ValueError:
print("The string does not contain a valid integer.")
Special Cases and Considerations
Binary, Octal, and Hexadecimal Conversions: The int() function can also convert strings in binary, octal, or hexadecimal format to an integer by specifying the base.
Example:
binary_string = "1010"
number = int(binary_string, 2) # Base 2 for binary
print(num...
