List some differences between CommonJS m...

The differences between CommonJS (CJS) and ECMAScript Modules (ESM) in JavaScript primarily revolve around their loading mechanisms, syntax, and usage contexts. Here are some key distinctions:

1. Module Loading Mechanism

• CommonJS: Modules are loaded synchronously, meaning the code execution blocks until the module is fully loaded. This is particularly useful in server-side environments like Node.js where the performance impact of synchronous loading is mitigated by the nature of I/O operations which are also synchronous[1][5].
• ECMAScript Modules: ESM supports asynchronous loading, allowing modules to be loaded in parallel. This non-blocking behavior is advantageous in browser environments, enhancing performance by not waiting for a module to load before continuing with the execution of other scripts[1][5].

2. Syntax

• CommonJS: Uses the require() function to load modules and module.exports to export modules. For example:
  javascript Copy

  const library = require('library');
  module.exports = { myFunction };

• ECMAScript Modules: Utilizes the import and export statements, providing a more declarative approach. For example:
  javascript Copy

  import library from 'library';
  export function myFunction() {}

  This syntax is statically analyzable, meaning tools and compilers can optimize the code by analyzing imports and exports without executing it[1][4].

3. Interoperability

• CommonJS: Primarily designed for use in Node.js and does not have native support in browsers without the use of bundlers like Webpack or Browserify[1].
• ECMAScript Modules: Part of the ECMAScript standard and natively supported in modern browsers. ESM can also be used in Node.js, making it versatile for both server-side and client-side development[1][2].

4. Performance Optimization

• CommonJS: Does not support tree shaking, a performance optimization technique used to remove unused code[1].
• ECMAScript Modules: Supports tree shaking, allowing for smaller bundle sizes in production environments, which is crucial for performance in web applications[1][4].

5. Dynamic Import...