What are the difference beetween Typescript and JavaScript?

When discussing the differences between TypeScript and JavaScript, it's essential to understand that TypeScript is a statically-typed superset of JavaScript, which means it adds additional features to the language, including static typing, while still being compatible with JavaScript code. Here are the key differences:

1. Typing Discipline: TypeScript is statically typed, allowing developers to specify types for variables, function parameters, and return values. This feature enables early detection of type-related errors during the compilation process. JavaScript, on the other hand, is dynamically typed, meaning types are checked at runtime, which can lead to type-related errors being discovered later in the development process[1][2][3][4][5].

2. Compilation: TypeScript code needs to be compiled (or transpiled) into JavaScript before it can be executed by browsers or JavaScript engines. This compilation step checks for errors and transforms TypeScript's additional syntax into standard JavaScript. JavaScript code can be run directly in browsers without a compilation step[1][2][3].

3. Tooling and IDE Support: TypeScript offers enhanced tooling and IDE support due to its static typing. Features like auto-completion, navigation, and refactoring are more robust in TypeScript, providing a more efficient development experience. JavaScript's tooling is somewhat limited in comparison because of its dynamic nature[1][2][3][5].

4. Error Detection: With TypeScript, many errors can be caught at compile-time, significantly reducing runtime errors and debugging time. This early error detection is not available in JavaScript, where errors are typically discovered at runtime[1][2][3][5].

5. Advanced Features: TypeScript introduces several features not present in JavaScript, such as interfaces, generics, and e...