What are the standard patterns of orchestrating microservices?
Câu trả lời
Orchestrating microservices involves coordinating and managing the interactions between various microservices to achieve a cohesive workflow. Here are some standard patterns used in microservice orchestration:
1. Orchestration Pattern
Orchestration is a centralized approach where a central orchestrator (or workflow engine) manages the interactions between microservices. The orchestrator defines the sequence of steps and controls the data flow between microservices, sending explicit commands to each service on what actions to perform and in what order.
Key Features:
Centralized Control: A single orchestrator manages the workflow, making it easier to monitor and control the overall system.
Business Process Visibility: Provides clear insights into the execution of business processes.
Simplified Service Interfaces: Microservices have simpler APIs as the orchestrator handles the complexity of coordination and sequencing.
Tools:
Kubernetes: Often used for container orchestration, managing deployment, scaling, and operations of containerized applications[3][14][15].
Netflix Conductor: An open-source orchestration engine for microservices-based process flows[15].
Camunda: A workflow and decision automation platform that supports microservice orchestration[4][6].
2. Saga Pattern
The Saga pattern is used to manage distributed transactions across multiple microservices. It breaks down a transaction into a series of smaller, isolated transactions that are coordinated by either orchestration or choreography.
Key Features:
Compensating Transactions: Each step in the saga has a corresponding compensating transaction to undo the work if a step fails.
Decentralized Coordination: Can be implemented using either orchestration (centralized) or choreography (decentralized).
Tools:
Axon Framework: A Java framework for building event-driven microservices using the Saga pattern[18].
Kafka or RabbitMQ: Often used for event-driven communication in saga implementations[18].
3. API Gateway Pattern
An API Gateway acts as a single entry point for all client requests, routing them to the appropriate microservices. It can also handle cross-cutting concerns such as authentication, logging, and rate limiting.
Key Features:
Unified Interface: Simplifies client interactions by providing a single API endpoint.
Load Balancing: Distributes incoming requests across multiple instances of microservices.
Security: Manages authentication and authorization centrally.
Tools:
Kong: An open-source API gateway and microservice management layer[14].
AWS API Gateway: A fully managed service that makes it easy for developers to create, publish, maintain, monitor, and secure APIs at any scale[13].
4. Service Mesh Pattern
A service mesh is a dedicated infrastructure layer for handling service-to-service communication. It provides features like load balancing, service discovery, and failure recovery.
