In Ruby, an object is a fundamental building block of programs. Every value in Ruby is an object, including numbers, strings, and even classes themselves. Objects are instances of classes, which can be thought of as blueprints that define the methods and attributes of these objects[1][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].
An object in Ruby encapsulates both data and methods that operate on that data. This encapsulation is a core aspect of the object-oriented programming paradigm, which Ruby implements. Each object in Ruby has a unique identity (it can be identified using the object_id method) and can hold different states through instance variables[1][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].
For example, if you have a class Car, you can create an object of this class by calling Car.new. This object might have instance variables like @make, @model, and @year, and methods to perform actions like start and stop. Each Car object holds its state independently of other Car objects, which means that changing the @model attribute of one Car object does not affect another[1][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].
Ruby's design allows for classes themselves to be objects. They are instances of the class Class, which means you can add methods and attributes to classes dynamically. This fle...
