What is the purpose of EXPOSE command in Dockerfile?

The EXPOSE command in a Dockerfile serves several purposes, primarily related to networking and documentation within Docker environments. Here is a detailed explanation:

Purpose of the EXPOSE Command

1. Documentation:

   • The EXPOSE instruction is primarily a form of documentation. It informs users and other developers which ports the containerized application is expected to listen on at runtime. This is useful for understanding the networking requirements of the container without having to inspect the application code or configuration files[2][3][5][6][7][10].

2. Inter-Container Communication:

   • The EXPOSE command makes the specified ports available for communication between Docker containers. This is essential for multi-container applications where different services need to interact with each other. For example, a web application container might need to communicate with a database container[2][3][6][7].

3. Protocol Specification:

   • The EXPOSE command allows specifying the protocol (TCP or UDP) that the port will use. By default, it uses TCP if no protocol is specified. This can be important for applications that require specific protocols for communication[1][7][10].

Limitations of the EXPOSE Command

1. Does Not Publish Ports to Host:
   • It is crucial to understand that EXPOSE does not make the ports accessible from the host machine or external networks. It only makes the ports available for inter-container communication. To make the ports accessible from outside the Docker environment, you need to use the -p or -P flags with the docker run command[2][3][4][5][6][7][10].

Practical Usage

• In Dockerfile:

  # Expose port 80 using TCP protocol
  EXPOSE 80
  
  # Expose port 80 using UDP protocol
  EXPOSE 80/udp

• At Runtime:

  • To publish the exposed ports to the host, you can use:

    docker run -p 8080:80 my-con...